وراثة الفئات

// الفئة الأساسية (الفئة الأم) class Animal { constructor(name, age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } makeSound() { return "Some generic animal sound"; } info() { return `${this.name} is ${this.age} years old`; } } // الفئة الفرعية (الفئة الابن) class Dog extends Animal { constructor(name, age, breed) { super(name, age); // استدعاء مُنشئ الفئة الأساسية this.breed = breed; } makeSound() { return "Woof! Woof!"; } fetch() { return `${this.name} is fetching the ball!`; } } const myDog = new Dog("Max", 3, "Golden Retriever"); console.log(myDog.info()); // "Max is 3 years old" (موروثة) console.log(myDog.makeSound()); // "Woof! Woof!" (تم تجاوزها) console.log(myDog.fetch()); // "Max is fetching the ball!" (دالة جديدة) console.log(myDog.breed); // "Golden Retriever"

class Vehicle { constructor(brand, model) { this.brand = brand; this.model = model; this.speed = 0; } accelerate(amount) { this.speed += amount; return `Speed: ${this.speed} mph`; } describe() { return `${this.brand} ${this.model}`; } } class Car extends Vehicle { constructor(brand, model, doors) { super(brand, model); // استدعاء مُنشئ الفئة الأساسية this.doors = doors; } // تجاوز دالة الفئة الأساسية accelerate(amount) { // استدعاء دالة الفئة الأساسية super.accelerate(amount); return `${this.describe()} accelerating... ${this.speed} mph`; } // إضافة دالة جديدة honk() { return "Beep beep!"; } } const myCar = new Car("Toyota", "Camry", 4); console.log(myCar.accelerate(30)); // "Toyota Camry accelerating... 30 mph" console.log(myCar.accelerate(20)); // "Toyota Camry accelerating... 50 mph" console.log(myCar.honk()); // "Beep beep!"

class Shape { constructor(color) { this.color = color; } area() { return 0; } describe() { return `A ${this.color} shape with area ${this.area()}`; } } class Rectangle extends Shape { constructor(color, width, height) { super(color); this.width = width; this.height = height; } // تجاوز دالة area area() { return this.width * this.height; } } class Circle extends Shape { constructor(color, radius) { super(color); this.radius = radius; } // تجاوز دالة area area() { return Math.PI * this.radius * this.radius; } } const rect = new Rectangle("blue", 10, 5); const circle = new Circle("red", 7); console.log(rect.describe()); // "A blue shape with area 50" console.log(circle.describe()); // "A red shape with area 153.938..."

class LivingBeing { constructor(name) { this.name = name; this.isAlive = true; } breathe() { return `${this.name} is breathing`; } } class Animal extends LivingBeing { constructor(name, species) { super(name); this.species = species; } move() { return `${this.name} is moving`; } } class Mammal extends Animal { constructor(name, species, furColor) { super(name, species); this.furColor = furColor; } nurse() { return `${this.name} is nursing its young`; } } class Dog extends Mammal { constructor(name, breed, furColor) { super(name, "Canine", furColor); this.breed = breed; } bark() { return `${this.name} says: Woof!`; } } const myDog = new Dog("Buddy", "Labrador", "Golden"); console.log(myDog.breathe()); // من LivingBeing console.log(myDog.move()); // من Animal console.log(myDog.nurse()); // من Mammal console.log(myDog.bark()); // من Dog console.log(myDog.species); // "Canine"

class Animal { constructor(name) { this.name = name; } } class Dog extends Animal { bark() { return "Woof!"; } } class Cat extends Animal { meow() { return "Meow!"; } } const dog = new Dog("Max"); const cat = new Cat("Whiskers"); console.log(dog instanceof Dog); // true console.log(dog instanceof Animal); // true console.log(dog instanceof Cat); // false console.log(cat instanceof Cat); // true console.log(cat instanceof Animal); // true console.log(cat instanceof Dog); // false // مفيد للتحقق من الأنواع function makeAnimalSound(animal) { if (animal instanceof Dog) { return animal.bark(); } else if (animal instanceof Cat) { return animal.meow(); } return "Unknown animal"; } console.log(makeAnimalSound(dog)); // "Woof!" console.log(makeAnimalSound(cat)); // "Meow!"

class BankAccount { constructor(accountNumber, balance) { this.accountNumber = accountNumber; this.balance = balance; this.transactions = []; } deposit(amount) { this.balance += amount; this.transactions.push({ type: "deposit", amount, date: new Date() }); return `Deposited $${amount}. New balance: $${this.balance}`; } withdraw(amount) { if (amount > this.balance) { return "Insufficient funds"; } this.balance -= amount; this.transactions.push({ type: "withdrawal", amount, date: new Date() }); return `Withdrew $${amount}. New balance: $${this.balance}`; } } class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount { constructor(accountNumber, balance, interestRate) { super(accountNumber, balance); this.interestRate = interestRate; this.withdrawalLimit = 6; // لائحة فيدرالية this.withdrawalCount = 0; } withdraw(amount) { if (this.withdrawalCount >= this.withdrawalLimit) { return "Monthly withdrawal limit reached"; } // استدعاء دالة withdraw من الفئة الأساسية const result = super.withdraw(amount); if (result.includes("Withdrew")) { this.withdrawalCount++; } return result; } addInterest() { const interest = this.balance * (this.interestRate / 100); this.deposit(interest); return `Interest added: $${interest.toFixed(2)}`; } resetWithdrawals() { this.withdrawalCount = 0; return "Monthly withdrawal count reset"; } } const savings = new SavingsAccount("SAV-001", 1000, 2.5); console.log(savings.deposit(500)); // "Deposited $500. New balance: $1500" console.log(savings.withdraw(100)); // "Withdrew $100. New balance: $1400" console.log(savings.addInterest()); // "Interest added: $35.00"

// نهج الوراثة (يمكن أن يصبح معقداً) class FlyingAnimal extends Animal { fly() { return "Flying"; } } class SwimmingAnimal extends Animal { swim() { return "Swimming"; } } // ماذا عن الحيوانات التي تطير وتسبح؟ // نهج التركيب (أكثر مرونة) class Animal { constructor(name, abilities = []) { this.name = name; this.abilities = abilities; } can(ability) { return this.abilities.includes(ability); } perform(action) { if (this.can(action)) { return `${this.name} is ${action}`; } return `${this.name} cannot ${action}`; } } // إنشاء كائنات القدرات const flying = { fly() { return "flying high"; } }; const swimming = { swim() { return "swimming gracefully"; } }; const walking = { walk() { return "walking on land"; } }; // تركيب القدرات const duck = new Animal("Duck", ["flying", "swimming", "walking"]); const fish = new Animal("Fish", ["swimming"]); const bird = new Animal("Eagle", ["flying", "walking"]); console.log(duck.perform("flying")); // "Duck is flying" console.log(duck.perform("swimming")); // "Duck is swimming" console.log(fish.perform("flying")); // "Fish cannot flying"

class MathOperations { static add(a, b) { return a + b; } static multiply(a, b) { return a * b; } } class AdvancedMath extends MathOperations { static power(base, exponent) { return Math.pow(base, exponent); } static squareRoot(num) { return Math.sqrt(num); } } // الفئة الفرعية لديها وصول إلى الدوال الثابتة للفئة الأساسية console.log(AdvancedMath.add(5, 3)); // 8 (موروثة) console.log(AdvancedMath.multiply(4, 6)); // 24 (موروثة) console.log(AdvancedMath.power(2, 3)); // 8 (دالتها الخاصة) console.log(AdvancedMath.squareRoot(16)); // 4 (دالتها الخاصة)