كيفية بناء واجهة REST API مع Node.js وExpress في 2026

إعداد المشروع

mkdir node-api && cd node-api
npm init -y
npm install express mongoose dotenv cors helmet morgan
npm install -D nodemon

هيكل المشروع

src/
├── config/
│   └── database.js
├── controllers/
│   └── userController.js
├── middleware/
│   └── auth.js
├── models/
│   └── User.js
├── routes/
│   └── userRoutes.js
└── app.js

التطبيق الرئيسي (src/app.js)

const express = require('express');
const cors = require('cors');
const helmet = require('helmet');
const morgan = require('morgan');
const connectDB = require('./config/database');

require('dotenv').config();

const app = express();

// Connect to MongoDB
connectDB();

// Middleware
app.use(helmet());
app.use(cors());
app.use(morgan('dev'));
app.use(express.json());

// Routes
app.use('/api/users', require('./routes/userRoutes'));

// Error handler
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
    console.error(err.stack);
    res.status(500).json({ error: 'Something went wrong!' });
});

const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
app.listen(PORT, () => console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`));

نموذج المستخدم

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs');

const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    name: { type: String, required: true },
    email: { type: String, required: true, unique: true },
    password: { type: String, required: true },
}, { timestamps: true });

userSchema.pre('save', async function(next) {
    if (!this.isModified('password')) return next();
    this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, 10);
});

module.exports = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);

متحكّم المستخدم

const User = require('../models/User');

exports.getUsers = async (req, res) => {
    const users = await User.find().select('-password');
    res.json(users);
};

exports.createUser = async (req, res) => {
    try {
        const user = await User.create(req.body);
        res.status(201).json({ id: user._id, name: user.name });
    } catch (error) {
        res.status(400).json({ error: error.message });
    }
};

تشغيل الواجهة البرمجية

npm run dev